Scientists find 'gemstones' in atmosphere of bizarre, scorching-hot 'marshmallow' exoplanet

space.com Oct 16, 2026

Scientists find ‘gemstones’ in atmosphere of bizarre, scorching-hot ‘marshmallow’ exoplanet

Curated by Shubham · TechCapsules · Oct 16, 2026

AI-summarised brief · reviewed before publication

Using James Webb Space Telescope data, astronomers mapped the atmosphere of the super‑puff exoplanet WASP‑17b, located 1,300 light‑years away. The planet, half Jupiter’s mass but twice its diameter, orbits its star in under four Earth days, creating extreme temperature contrasts between its tidally locked dayside and nightside. A new “transmission strings” technique revealed a ring‑shaped atmosphere with bright “gemstones” where hot equatorial winds inflate the cooler side. The study, published in Nature Astronomy, confirms 3‑D atmospheric dynamics in hot Jupiters.

💡 Why It Matters

· The method provides the first detailed, angle‑resolved view of an exoplanet’s atmosphere, enabling precise tests of atmospheric circulation models.
· It opens a pathway to characterize the climates of thousands of distant worlds.

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On this day in space! Oct. 16, 1975: NASA launches the 1st-ever…

On October 16, 1975, NASA launched GOES‑A, the first operational Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, from Cape Canaveral aboard a Delta rocket. The satellite entered a geostationary orbit over the Indian Ocean and was later renamed GOES‑1. Equipped with a Visible/Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer, it provided forecasters their first near‑real‑time, fixed‑location view of atmospheric conditions, capturing images for 10 % of each day. GOES‑1 remained active until March 7, 1985, and paved the way for a fleet that now underpins U.S. weather monitoring.

💡 By delivering the first continuous, real‑time satellite imagery, GOES‑1 transformed weather forecasting, enabling earlier detection of severe storms and improving public safety. Its legacy endures in the modern GOES‑R series, which continues to provide critical data for climate and space weather analysis.

space.com · Oct 16

‘It really does change you’: SpaceX Crew-12 commander wishes we could all…

NASA astronaut Jessica Meir, commander of SpaceX’s Crew‑12 mission, used a Thursday press conference to describe how viewing Earth from the International Space Station reshapes perspective. She highlighted the planet’s thin atmosphere and its fragility, urging humanity to protect it, and noted that the view erases artificial borders, revealing a single, interconnected human family. Russian cosmonaut Andrey Fedyaev echoed the sentiment, stressing that the ISS crew’s cooperation exemplifies how people should live on Earth. The four‑person crew—Meir, Fedyaev, NASA pilot Jack Hathaway and ESA specialist Sophie Adenot—launched on a Falcon 9 on Feb. 13, spent nearly eight months aboard the ISS, and returned on Oct. 8. Their flight included scientific work and milestones such as Adenot becoming the first French woman to walk in space and setting a new European continuous‑flight record of 237 days.

💡 The crew’s “overview effect” testimony offers a rare, visceral argument for global environmental stewardship, leveraging the unique authority of astronauts who have literally seen the planet’s limits.

space.com · Oct 16

It’s time to reassess the size of our solar system, scientists say

Former NASA chief scientist Jim Green and mathematician Ed Belbruno have proposed redefining the solar system’s outer boundary based on measurements of the Milky Way’s gravitational field and dark‑matter distribution. Their calculations place the Sun’s gravitational frontier at roughly 3.8 light‑years, or 241,000 AU, a distance comparable to the spacing between neighboring stars. They argue the edge is not a sharp cutoff but a region shaped by a “complex dance” of forces, including stable Lagrange points L1 and L2 that could act as portals for interstellar objects such as comet 3I/ATLAS. Green suggests dust and captured rogue bodies in these zones could validate the model, and he is consulting the New Horizons team. The theory extends Belbruno’s weak‑stability‑boundary work to ballistic capture from interstellar space.

💡 Redefining the Sun’s reach could transform how missions target and study interstellar visitors, turning distant Lagrange points into strategic observation hubs.

space.com · Oct 16

SpaceX launches classified mission for the US Space Force (video)

SpaceX lifted off a classified U.S. Space Force payload from Vandenberg Space Force Base on Oct. 15 at 8:01 p.m. EDT aboard a Falcon 9. The rocket’s first stage, booster 1081, touched down on the drone ship “Of Course I Still Love You” about 8.5 minutes after liftoff, marking its 28th flight and 16th successful recovery. The mission, designated USSF‑481, carried undisclosed payloads to an unknown orbit, and SpaceX provided no further details during the webcast. Booster 1081’s prior record includes crew, cargo, and 16 Starlink deployments among other national‑security missions. USSF‑481 was the 114th Falcon 9 launch of 2026, a year in which more than 70 percent of SpaceX’s flights have supported the Starlink constellation. The sky allowed spectators to view the launch live.

💡 It demonstrates SpaceX’s dual role in commercial broadband expansion and secretive defense operations, underscoring the company’s strategic importance to U.S. national security.

space.com · Oct 16

On this day in space! Oct. 15, 1997: NASA launches Cassini-Hugyens probe…

On October 15, 1997, NASA launched the Cassini spacecraft aboard a Titan IVB rocket from Cape Canaveral, beginning a 20‑year mission to Saturn. After a seven‑year transit, Cassini entered Saturn’s orbit in 2004, carrying the European Space Agency’s Huygens lander, which touched down on Titan in 2005. Over 13 years, Cassini mapped Saturn’s rings, discovered dynamic atmospheric phenomena, and revealed water plumes from Enceladus. The mission concluded on September 15, 2017, when Cassini was deliberately plunged into Saturn’s atmosphere to avoid contaminating its moons.

💡 Cassini’s data reshaped our understanding of ring dynamics, polar storms, and subsurface oceans, providing critical clues about habitability beyond Earth. Its deliberate termination safeguarded pristine extraterrestrial environments, setting a precedent for planetary protection.

space.com · Oct 16

Astronomers discover the 1st ever green star, a cosmic zombie just in…

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💡 A green‑tinged dead star proves that stellar remnants can betray their hidden chemistry, offering a new diagnostic tool for probing the fate of planetary systems after their suns die.