Cold Seawater Is Supplying District Heat in Esbjerg, Denmark
AI-summarised brief · reviewed before publication
Esbjerg, Denmark, tested a seawater‑sourced district‑heating system in November 2026, using two electric heat pumps that drew water from the North Sea at 3.3 °C and returned it at 1.2 °C. The pumps consumed 19.9 MW of electricity and delivered 55.2 MW of heat at 90 °C, achieving a coefficient of performance (COP) of 2.8, meaning each kilowatt of electricity generated 2.8 kW of heat. The installation, capable of 70 MW, replaces a retired coal‑fired plant and operates alongside a wood‑chip boiler and waste‑incineration unit. Carbon dioxide serves as the refrigerant in a high‑pressure cycle. The test showed lower COP than projected and highlighted the need for network design, corrosion control, and freezing protection in marine heat‑pump projects.
💡 Why It Matters
- · Demonstrating viable high‑temperature heat from cold seawater gives coastal cities a concrete alternative to fossil‑fuel boilers, reshaping how they evaluate renewable heating investments.